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ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 1 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design tsot26 light load improved 2a synch dc/dc buck converter description the ap65201 is a 500 khz switching frequency internal c ompensated synchronous dc / dc buck converter. it has integrated low r ds ( on ) high and low side mosfets. the ap65201 enables continuous load current of up to 2a with efficiency as high as 9 7 %. the ap65201 implements an automatic custom light load efficiency improvement algorithm. the ap65201 features current mode control operation, which enables fast transient response times and easy loop stabilization. the ap65201 simplifies board layout and reduces space requirements with its high level of integration and minimal need for extern al components, making it ideal for distributed power architectures. the ap65201 is available in a standard green tsot26 package and is rohs compliant. features ? v in 4. 5 v to 16 v ? 2a continuous output current, 3a peak ? efficiency up to 97% ? automated light load improvement ? v out adjustable from 0.8 v ? 500khz switching frequency ? internal soft - start ? enable pin ? o vercurrent protection (o cp ) with hiccup ? thermal protection ? totally lead - free & fully rohs compliant (notes 1 & 2) ? halogen and antimony free. green device (note 3) pin assignments applications ? gaming consoles ? flat screen tv s ets and monitors ? set - top boxes ? distributed p ower s ystems ? home audio ? consumer electronics ? network systems ? fpga, dsp and asic supplies ? green electronics notes: 1. no purposely added lead. fully eu directive 2002/95/ec (rohs) & 2011/65/eu (rohs 2) compliant. 2. see http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about diodes incorporated?s definitions of halogen - and antimony - free, "green" and lead - free. 3. halogen - and antimony - free "green products are defined as those which conta in <9 00ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total br + cl) and <1000ppm antimony compounds. typical applications circuit figure 1 . typical application circuit t s o t 2 6 t o p v i e w 3 2 1 6 4 5 g n d s w i n b s t e n f b a p 6 5 2 0 1 l 1 4 . 7 h r 1 4 0 . 2 k r 2 1 3 k c 5 1 f c 2 2 2 f c 1 2 2 f o n o f f 3 i n 5 e n 2 s w 6 b s t 4 f b 1 g n d i n p u t o u t p u t v o u t 3 . 3 v v i n 1 2 v r 3 7 5 k
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 2 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design pin description s pin name pin number function gnd 1 ground sw 2 power switching output. sw is the switching node that supplies power to the output. connect the output lc filter from sw to the output load. note that a capacitor is required from sw to bs to power the high - side switch. in 3 power input. in supplies the power to the ic, as well as the step - down converter switches. drive in with a 4. 5 v to 16v power source. bypass in to gnd with a suitably large capacitor to eliminate noise on the input to the ic. see input capacitor. fb 4 feedback input. fb senses th e output voltage and regulates it. drive fb with a resistive voltage divider connected to it from the output voltage. the feedback threshold is 0. 8 v. see setting the output voltage. en 5 enable input. en is a digital input that turns the regulator on or off. drive en high to turn on the regulator; low to turn it off. attach to in with a 100k? pull up resistor for automatic startup. bs t 6 high - side gate drive boost input. bs supplies the drive for the high - side n - channel mosfet a 0.01f or greater capacit or from sw to bs to power the high side switch. functional block diagram e + - + - + - + 1 . 1 v 0 . 3 v i n t e r n a l r e f e r e n c e l o g i c 0 . 8 v + - i n t e r n a l s s + - o s c i l l a t o r c u r r e n t s e n s e a m p l i f i e r o v p r a m p c l k c u r r e n t c o m p a r a t o r f b e n 0 . 8 v g n d s w b s t i n 5 0 0 k h z 0 . 3 v 1 . 1 v v c c r e g u l a t o r 5 4 6 2 1 3
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 3 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design absolute maximum ratings ( @ t a = +25 c , unless otherwise specified.) ( note 4) symbol parameter rating unit v in supply voltage - 0.3 to 20 v v sw switch node voltage - 1.0 to v in +0.3 v v bs bootstrap voltage v sw - 0.3 to v sw +6 .0 v v fb feedback voltage - 0.3v to +6 .0 v v en enable/uvlo voltage - 0.3v to +6 .0 v t st storage temperature - 65 to +150 c t j junction temperature +160 c t l lead temperature +260 c esd susceptibility (note 5 ) hbm human body model 2.5 k v cdm charged device model 1 k v notes: 4 . stresses greater than the 'absolute maximum ratings' specified above may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings o nly; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions exceeding those indicated in this specification is not im plied. device reliability may be a ffected by exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time. 5 . semiconductor devices are esd sensitive and may be damaged by exposure to esd events. suitable esd precautions should be take n when handling and transporting these dev ices. thermal resistance (note 6 ) symbol parameter rating unit ja junction to ambient t sot26 1 20 c /w jc junction to case t sot26 3 0 c /w note: 6. test condition for sot26: device mounted on fr - 4 substrate, single - layer pc board, 2oz copper, with minimum recommended pad layout . recommended operating conditions (@ t a = +25 c , unless otherwise specified.) (note 7) symbol parameter min max unit v in supply voltage 4.5 16 v t a operating ambient temperature range - 40 +85 c note: 7. the device function is not guaranteed outside of the recommended operating conditions.
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 4 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design electrical characteristics (@ t a = +25 c , v in = 12v, unless otherwise specified.) symbol parameter test condition min typ max unit i shdn shutdown supply current v en = 0v 1.0 a i q supply current (quiescent) v en = 2.0v, v fb = 0.85v 0.83 ma r ds(on)1 high - side switch on - resistance (note 8) 160 m r ds(on)2 low - side switch on - resistance (note 8) 85 m i limit hs current limit (note 8) minimum duty cycle 2.8 3.5 a i sw_lkg high - side switch leakage current v en = 0v, v sw =12v 1 a f sw oscillator frequency v fb = 0.75v 4 00 500 600 khz d max maximum duty cycle v fb = 700mv 88 92 % t on minimum on time 90 ns v fb feedback voltage t a = - 40 c to +85 c 776 800 824 mv v en_rising en rising threshold 1.4 1.5 1.6 v v en_falling en falling threshold 1.23 1.32 1.41 v i en en input current v en = 2v 2.85 a v en = 0v 0 a inuv vth v in under v oltage threshold rising 3.7 4.05 4.4 v inuv hys v in under v oltage threshold hysteresis 250 mv t ss soft - start period 1 ms t shdn thermal shutdown (note 8) +160 c t hys thermal hysteresis (note 8) +20 c note : 8 . guaranteed by design .
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 5 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design typical performance characteristics (@ t a = +25 c , v in = 12v, v out = 3.3v, l = 4.7 h, unless otherwise specified . ) vin=6.5v vin=12v vin=16v vin=4.7v vin=12v vin=16v vin=4.7v vin=12v vin=16v vin=4.7v vin=12v vin=16v
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 6 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design typical performance characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25 c , v in = 12v, v out = 3.3v, l = 4.7h, unless otherwise specified.) vin=4.7v vin=12v vin=16v vin=4.7v vin=12v vin=16v vin=12v vin=16v iout=2a vin=4.7v iout=0a iout=1.5a
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 7 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design typical performance characteristics (cont.) (@t a = +25 c , v in = 12v, v out = 3.3v, l = 4.7h, c1 = 22f, c2 = 22f, unless otherwise specified.) startup through v en 2 a load time - 1ms/div startup through v in 2 a load time - 1ms/div short circuit test time - 5ms/div shutdown through v en 2 a load time - 50s/div shutdown through v in 2 a load time - 200 s/div short circuit recovery time - 5ms/div startup through v en 0a load time - 1ms/div startup through v in 0a load time - 1ms/div transient response (1 to 2 a ) time - 100s/div shutdown through v en 0a load time - 500ms/div shutdown through v in 0a load time - 500ms/div input/output ripple (i o =2 a) time - 2s/div vin (12v/div ) v out ( 3.3 v/div ) iout ( 2a /div ) sw (1 0v /div ) v en (5 v/div ) iout ( 2a /div ) sw ( 10v /div ) v out (3.3 v/div ) v e n (5 v/div ) v out ( 3.3 v/div ) iout ( 2a /div ) sw (1 0v /div ) vin (12v/div ) v out ( 3.3 v/div ) iout ( 2a /div ) sw (1 0v /div ) v out ( 2 v/div ) iout ( 2a /div ) v out ( 2 v/div ) iout ( 2a /div ) iout ( 1a /div ) v out_ac (200mv /div ) v out_ac ( 200m v/div ) sw ( 10v /div ) v en (5 v/div ) iout ( 100ma /div ) sw ( 10v /div ) v out (3.3 v/div ) v e n (5 v/div ) v out ( 3.3 v/div ) iout ( 100ma /div ) sw (1 0v /div ) vin (12v/div ) v out ( 3.3 v/div ) iout ( 100ma /div ) sw (1 0v /div ) vin (12v/div ) v out ( 3.3 v/div ) iout ( 100ma /div ) sw (1 0v /div ) il ( 2a /div ) v in_ac ( 200m v/div )
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 8 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design application information theory of operation the ap65 2 01 is a 2 a current mode control, synchronous buck regulator with built - in power mosfets. current mode control assures excellent line and load regulation and a wide loop bandwidth for fast response to load transients. figure 1 depicts the functional bloc k diagram of ap65 2 01. the operation of one switching cycle can be explained as follows : the rising edge of the 500khz osc illator clock signal sets the rs flip - flop. its output turns on hs mosfet . when the hs mosfet is on, inductor current starts to increase. the current sense amplifier senses and amplifies the inductor current. since the current mode control is subject to su b - harmonic oscillations that start at half of the switching frequency, ramp slope compensation is utilized. this will help to stabilize the power supply. this ramp compensation is summed to the current sense amplifier output and compared to the error ampli fier output by the pwm comparator. when the sum of the current sense amplifier output and the slope compensation signal exceeds the ea output voltage, the rs flip - flop is reset and hs mosfet is turned off. when the hs mosfet turns off, the synchronous ls mosfet turns on until the next clock cycle begins. there is a dead time between the hs turn off and ls turn on that prevents the switches from shooting through from the input supply to ground. for one whole cycle, if the sum of the current sense amplif ier output and the slope compensation signal does not exceed the ea output, then the falling edge of the oscillator clock resets the flip - flop, and forces the mosfet to turn off. the voltage loop is compensated internally. enable the enable (en) input allows the user to control turning on or off the regulator. the ap65 2 01 has an internal pull down resistor on the en pin and when the en is not actively pulled up the part turns off. quiescent current above the ?en rising threshold?, the internal regula tor is turned on and the quiescent current can be measured above this threshold. automated no - load and light - load operation the ap65 2 01 operates in light load high efficiency mode during low load current operation. the advantage of this light load efficiency mode is lower power losses at no - load and light - load conditions. the ap65 2 01 automatically detects the peak inductor current and enters the light load high efficiency mode when the inductor peak current goes below 500ma. once the inductor peak c urrent exceeds this level, the ap65 2 01 transitions from light load high efficiency mode to continuous pwm mode.
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 9 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design application information ( cont . ) current limit protection in order to reduce the total power dissipation and to protect the application, ap65 20 1 has cycle - by - cycle current limiting implementation. the voltage drop across the internal high - side mosfet is sensed and compared with the internally set current limit threshold . this voltage drop is sensed at about 30ns after the hs turns on. when the peak inductor current exceeds the set current limit threshold, current limit pr otection is activated. when the voltage at the fb pin reaches 0.2v the device enters hiccup mode to periodically restart the part. this protection mode greatly reduces the power dissipated on chip and reduces the thermal issue to protect the device. ap65 2 01 will exit hiccup mode when the over current situation is resolved. under v oltage lockout (uvlo) under v oltage lockout is implemen ted to prevent the ic from insufficient input voltages . the ap65 2 01 has a uvlo comparator that monitors the input voltage and the internal bandgap reference. if the input voltage falls below 4.4v, the ap65 2 01 will latch the undervoltage fault . in this even t, the output will be pulled low and power has to be re - cycled to reset the uvlo fault. over v oltage protection when the ap65 2 01 fb pin exceeds 115% of the nominal regulation voltage of 0.8v, the overvoltage comparator is tripped. thermal shutdown the ap65 2 01 has on - chip thermal protection that prevents damage to the ic when the die temperature exceeds safe margins. it implements a thermal sensing to monitor the operating junction temperature of the ic. once the die temperature rises to approximately +1 60 c , the thermal protection feature gets activated. the internal thermal sense circuitry turns the ic off thus preventing the power switch fro m damage. a hysteresis in the thermal sense circuit allows the device to cool down to approximately +120 c be fore the ic is enabled again through soft start. this thermal hysteresis feature prevents undesirable oscillations of the thermal protection circuit. setting the output voltage the output voltage can be adjusted from 0.8 v using an external resistor divider. table 1 shows a list of resistor selection for common output voltages. resistor r1 is selected based on a design tradeoff between efficiency and output voltage accuracy. for high values of r1 there is less current consumption in the feedback netwo rk . r1 can be determined by the following equation: figure 2 . feedback divider network table 1 . recommended component selection v out (v) r1 (k) r2 (k) rt (k) l1 (h) 1.05 10 32.4 300 1.5 1.2 20.5 41.2 249 1.5 1.8 40.2 32.4 120 2.2 2.5 40.2 19.1 100 2.2 3.3 40.2 13 75 4.7 5 40.2 7.68 75 6.5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1 0.8 v r r out 2 1 f b r 1 r 2 v o u t r t
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 10 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design application information ( cont .) inductor calculating the inductor value is a critical factor in designing a buck converter. for most designs, the following equation c an be used to calculate the inductor value; where is the inductor ripple current and is the buck converter switching frequency. choose the inductor ripple current to be 30% of the maximum load current. the maximum inductor peak current is calculated fro m: peak current determines the required saturation current rating, which influences the size of the inductor. saturating the inductor decreases the converter efficiency while increasing the temperatures of the inductor and the internal mosfets. hence choosing an i nductor with appropriate saturation current rating is important. a 1h to 10h inductor with a dc current rating of at least 25% higher than the maximum load current is recommended for most applications. for highest efficiency, the inductor?s dc resistan ce should be less than 20m . use a larger inductance for improved efficiency under light load conditions. input capacitor the input capacitor reduces the surge current drawn from the input supply and the switching noise from the device. the input capacito r has to sustain the ripple current produced during the on time on the upper mosfet. it must hence have a low esr to minimize the loss es. the rms current rating of the input capacitor is a critical parameter that must be higher than the rms input current. as a rule of thumb, select an input capacitor which has rms rating that is greater than half of the maximum load current. input capacitor the input capacitor reduces the surge current drawn from the input supply and the switching noise from the device. the input capacitor has to sustain the ripple current produced during the on time on the upper mosfet. it must hence have a low esr to minimize the loss es. the rms current rating of the input capacitor is a critical parameter that must be higher than the rms input current. as a ru le of thumb, select an input capacitor which has rms rating that is greater than half of the maximum load current. due to large di /dt through the input capacitors, electrolytic or ceramics should be used. if a tantalum must be used, it must be surge prote cted. otherwise, capacitor failure could occur. for most applications, a 10/22f ceramic capacitor is sufficient. output capacitor the output capacitor keeps the output voltage ripple small, ensures feedback loop stability and reduces the overshoot of the output voltage. the output capacitor is a basic component for the fast response of the power supply. in fact, during load transien t, for the first few microseconds it supplies the current to the load. the converter recognizes the load transient and sets the duty cycle to maximum, but the cur rent slope is limited by the inductor value. maximum capacitance required can be calculated f rom the following equation: esr of the output capacitor dominates the output voltage ripple. the amount of ripple can be calculated from the equation bel ow: an output capacitor with ample capacitance and low esr is the best option. for most applications, a 22f ceramic capacitor will be sufficient. where is the maximum output voltage overshoot. sw l in out in out f i v ) v (v v l ? ? ? ? ? l i sw f 2 i i i l load l(max) ? ? esr * i v inductor tor out_capaci ? 2 out 2 out 2 inductor out o v ) v v ( ) 2 i l(i c ? ? ? ? v
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 11 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design application information ( cont .) pc board layout this is a high switching frequency converter. hence , attention must be paid to the switching currents interference in the layout. switching current from one power device to another can generate voltage transients across the impedances of the interconnecting bond wires and circuit traces. these interconnecting impedances should be minimized by using wide, short printed circuit traces. figure 3 pc board layout external bootstrap diode it is recommended that an external bootstrap diode be added when the input voltage is no greater than 5v or the 5v rail is available in the system. this helps to improve the efficiency of the regulator. this solution is also applicable for d > 65%. the bootstrap di ode can be a low cost one such as bat54 or a schottky that has a low v f . figure 4 external bootstrap compensation components recommended diodes incorporated : part number voltage/current rating vendor b130 30v, 1a diodes incorporated sk13 30v, 1a diodes incorporated a p 6 5 2 0 1 b s t s w 1 0 n f b o o s t d i o d e 5 v
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 12 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design ordering information part number package code pa ckage identification code tape and reel quantity part number suffix ap65201 wu - 7 wu tsot26 sa 3 , 000 - 7 marking information 1 tsot26 part number package identification code ap65201wu - 7 tsot26 sa a p 6 5 2 0 1 x - x p a c k i n g p a c k a g e w u : t s o t 2 6 7 : t a p e & r e e l p r o d u c t n a m e 1 2 3 6 7 4 x x y w x x x : i d e n t i f i c a t i o n c o d e y : y e a r 0 ~ 9 x : i n t e r n a l c o d e ( t o p v i e w ) 5 w : w e e k : a ~ z : 1 ~ 2 6 w e e k ; a ~ z : 2 7 ~ 5 2 w e e k ; z r e p r e s e n t s 5 2 a n d 5 3 w e e k
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 13 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design package outline dimensions please see http://www.diodes.com/ package - outlines.html for the latest version. (1) tsot26 suggested pad layout please see http://www.diodes.com/ package - outlines.html for the latest version. (1) tsot26 tsot26 dim min max typ a ? 1.00 ? a1 0.010 0.100 ? a2 0.840 0.900 ? d 2.800 3.000 2.900 e 2.800 bsc e1 1.500 1.700 1.600 b 0.300 0.450 ? c 0.120 0.200 ? e 0.950 bsc e1 1.900 bsc l 0.30 0.50 l2 0.250 bsc 0 8 4 1 4 12 ? all dimensions in mm dimensions value (in mm) c 0.950 x 0.700 y 1.000 y1 3.199 d e1 e1/2 e1 e e/2 e a a2 a1 seating plane 0 l2 l gauge plane 01(4x) 01(4x) c b seating plane y1 c x y
ap65201 document number: ds36109 rev. 3 - 3 14 of 14 www.diodes.com december 2016 ? diodes incorporated advanced information ap65201 not recommended for new design important notice diodes incorporated makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied, with regards to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction). diodes incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other c hanges without further notice to this document and any product described herein. diodes incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does diodes incorporated convey any license unde r its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. any customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold diodes incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on diod es incorporated website, harmless against all damages. diodes incorporated do es not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel. should customers purchase or use diodes incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, customers shall indemnify and hold diodes incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising ou t of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized a pplication. products described herein may be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign patents pending. product nam es and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more united states, international or foreign trademarks. t his document is written in english but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. only the english version of t his document is the final and determinative format released by diodes incorporated. life support diodes incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the chief executive officer of diodes incorporated. as used herein: a. life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: 1. are intended to implant into the body, or 2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided i n the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. b. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expe cted to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiven ess. customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support d evices or systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety - related re quirements concerning their products and any use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices - or systems - related information or support that may be provided by diodes incorporated. f urther, customers must fully indemnify diodes incorporated and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of diodes incorporated products in such safety - critical, life support devices or systems. copyright ? 201 6 , diodes incorporated www.diodes.com

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